2. They transmit patriotism and nationalism, promote love of humanity, respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the historical development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline, promote critical and creative thinking, expand scientific and technological knowledge. and promoting professional efficiency. Congress may provide incentives, including tax deductions, to encourage private participation in basic and applied scientific research programs. Scholarships, grants or other forms of incentives are awarded to particularly gifted students, researchers, scientists, inventors, technologists and citizens. Congress may, by law, establish special political subdivisions of metropolitan areas, subject to a plebiscite in accordance with Article 10 of this Agreement. Sub-cities and municipalities retain their basic autonomy and are entitled to their own local executives and legislative assemblies. The competence of the Metropolitan Authority, thus created, is limited to basic services that require coordination. The State undertakes, as of right and in the interest of the general public, in cooperation with the private sector, to implement a continuous urban agrarian reform and housing programme that provides decent housing and basic services to disadvantaged and homeless citizens in urban centres and resettlement areas at an affordable cost. It also promotes adequate employment opportunities for these citizens. In implementing such a program, the State respects the rights of small landowners.
The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and aims to protect and strengthen the family as a fundamental autonomous social institution. It is intended to protect both the life of the mother and the life of the unborn child from conception. The natural and primary right and duty of parents to educate boys in civic effectiveness and moral development is supported by the government. Each local government entity has the power to create its own sources of revenue and to levy taxes, fees and levies that are subject to the policies and restrictions provided for by Congress in accordance with the basic policy of local self-government. These taxes, fees and charges are the exclusive responsibility of local governments. The Congress promulgates an organic law for each autonomous region with the support and participation of the Regional Advisory Commission, composed of representatives appointed by the President from a list of candidates from multisectoral bodies. The Organic Law establishes the basic structure of the government of the region, which consists of the Executive Department and the Legislative Assembly, both of which are elected and representative of the constituent political units. The organic laws also provide for special courts that have jurisdiction over the rights of individuals, families and property in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and national laws. The current anti-corruption court, known as Sandiganbayan, will continue to operate and exercise its jurisdiction as required by law now or in the future.
All property, registers, equipment, buildings, installations and other property of an office or body which has been suppressed or reorganized in accordance with Proclamation No. 3 of 25 March 1986 or this Constitution shall be transferred to the office or body to which its powers, functions and responsibilities relate essentially. 3. Any confession or confession obtained in violation of this confession or article 17 of such confessions shall be inadmissible as evidence against him. (2) In all criminal investigations, the accused shall be presumed innocent until proven guilty and shall have the right to be heard by himself and his defence counsel, to be informed of the nature and reasons for the charges against him, to conduct a prompt, impartial and public trial, to meet witnesses face to face, and to have a mandatory procedure to ensure the presence of witnesses and the presentation of evidence on its behalf. However, after the indictment, the trial may continue despite the absence of the accused, provided that he has been duly informed and that his non-appearance cannot be justified. The electoral courts and the nomination commission are formed within thirty days of the establishment of the Senate and the House of Representatives with the election of the President and the President. The Nominating Committee shall meet only in session of the Congress at the request of its President or a majority of all its members in order to exercise the powers and functions conferred upon it herein. (2) The use of corporal, psychological or degrading punishment against prisoners or detainees or the use of inferior or inadequate prisons in humane conditions shall be regulated by law. 2.
Appointments to the public service are made only on the basis of merit and aptitude, to the extent possible, and, with the exception of positions that are primarily confidential or highly technical, that are primarily confidential or highly technical. This Constitution shall enter into force upon ratification by a majority of the votes cast in a referendum held for that purpose and shall replace all previous Constitutions. 2. All educational institutions, in cooperation with sports clubs and other sectors, regularly carry out sports activities throughout the country. (2) There shall be no involuntary serfdom in any form, except as punishment for a crime of which the party has been duly convicted. The control and administration of educational institutions is the responsibility of the citizens of the Philippines. The Philippines is a unified presidential constitutional republic in which the President of the Philippines is both Head of State and Head of Government. The Commission shall submit to the President and Congress, within the time limit set by law, an annual report on the financial situation and functioning of the Government, its subdivisions, agencies and instruments, including state-owned or State-controlled enterprises and non-governmental entities audited by law, and shall recommend the necessary measures to improve their effectiveness and efficiency. It shall submit all other reports required by law. 2. No bill passed by both houses shall become law unless it has passed three readings on different days and printed copies of it have not been distributed to its members in its final form three days before its adoption, unless the President confirms the need for its immediate adoption to deal with a public disaster or public emergency.
At the last reading of a bill, no amendments to the bill are allowed, and the vote on it takes place immediately afterwards and the yes and no votes are included in the newspaper. Local authorities are entitled to an equitable share of the proceeds of the exploitation and development of national wealth in their respective territories in the manner provided for by law, including the sharing of the latter with the inhabitants as direct benefits. Pending the adoption of a law, the President may, by appointment from a list of candidates from the respective sectors, fill the seats reserved for sectoral representation in Article VI, paragraph 2, section 5, of this Constitution.